Sains Malaysiana 53(5)(2024): 1167-1183

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5305-15

 

Adsorption of Heavy Metal from Wastewater by Bioabsorbent Modified Azolla microphylla and Lemna minor

(Penjerapan Logam Berat daripada Air Sisa oleh Penyerap Bio Azolla microphylla dan Lemna minor Terubah Suai)

 

NASUHA BINTI MOHAMAD NASROL1, NOORASHIKIN MD SALEH1,*, TANUSHA DEVI A/P ELAN SOLAN1, NOR YULIANA YUHANA1, FARHANINI YUSOFF2 & SALIZA ASMAN3

 

1Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

3Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM Pagoh Campus, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 22 November 2023 /Diterima: 3 April 2024

 

Abstract

Environmental toxicity from rapid industrialization raises concerns about water pollution caused by industrial waste and urban sewage. Aquatic macrophytes, such as the Azolla species, have shown promise in absorbing heavy metals and nutrients from water. This study introduces a novel approach by evaluating Azolla Microphylla and lemna minor as an economical adsorbent for copper removal from rivers. Moreover, this study stands out by conducting thorough characterization analyses. The adsorbent material underwent XRD, SEM, BET, and FTIR analyses after being crushed and sieved to 1-2 mm. Copper was extracted from river water using UV-Vis detection at 285 nm. Optimal conditions for adsorption were determined at pH 4, 30 minutes of contact time, and 0.4 g of adsorbent. Copper concentrations in the Sungai Petani, Sungai Selangor, and Sungai Langat ranged from 2 mgL-1 to 5 mgL-1. Azolla proves effective as a copper adsorbent due to its simplicity in sample preparation, time-saving benefits, cost-effectiveness compared to conventional systems, and high copper recovery rate. By successfully removing copper, a prevalent heavy metal contaminant in industrial waste and urban sewage, this research contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 for clean and safe water supplies.

 

Keywords: Adsorbent; characterization; copper; river water; UV-Vis analysis

 

Abstrak

Kesitotoksikan alam sekitar akibat industrialisasi pesat menimbulkan kebimbangan mengenai pencemaran air akibat sisa industri dan kumbahan bandar. Makrofit akuatik, seperti spesies Azolla, telah menunjukkan potensi dalam menyerap logam berat dan nutrien daripada air. Kajian ini memperkenalkan pendekatan baharu dengan menilai Azolla microphylla dan Lemna minor sebagai bahan penjerap yang ekonomi untuk menyingkirkan kuprum dari sungai. Selain itu, kajian ini menyerlah dengan menjalankan analisis pencirian yang teliti. Bahan penjerap menjalani analisis XRD, SEM, BET dan FTIR selepas dihancurkan dan diayak hingga 1-2 mm. Kuprum diekstrak daripada sampel air sungai menggunakan pengesanan UV-Vis pada 285 nm. Keadaan optimum untuk penjerapan ditentukan pada pH 4, 30 minit waktu sentuhan, dan 0.4 g penjerap. Kepekatan kuprum di Sungai Petani, Sungai Selangor dan Sungai Langat berkisar antara 2 mgL-1 hingga 5 mgL-1. Azolla terbukti berkesan sebagai penjerap kuprum kerana cara penyediaan sampel yang mudah, jimat masa, berkos efektif berbanding sistem konvensional, serta kadar pemulihan kuprum yang tinggi. Dengan berjaya menyingkirkan kuprum, pencemar logam berat yang biasa terdapat dalam sisa industri dan kumbahan bandar, kajian ini menyumbang kepada pencapaian Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari 6 untuk bekalan air bersih dan selamat.

 

Kata kunci: Air sungai; analisis UV-Vis; kuprum; pencirian; penjerap

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: noorashikin@ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

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